OPAC 2.0计划书:《加州大学书目服务再思考》

    加州大学的书目服务特别工作组在2005年12月发布了关于《加州大学书目服务再思考》的最终报告(Rethinking How We Provide Bibliographic Services for the Unviversity of California: Final Report / Bibliographic Service Task Force)。煌煌80页,分建议、计划、结论与附录四部分,旨在吸收以Amazon、Google、iTune等为代表的网络服务的优点,改进图书馆目录。除了针对加州大学特殊情况的部分,可视为一份普适的OPAC 2.0计划书,值得好好学习。

    建议(Recommendations)部分表明了特别工作组对改进OPAC及编目工作的主要认识:

1、强化检索(Enhancing Search and Retrieval)

  •  提供对资源的直接访问(Provide users with direct access to item)
  •  提供推荐功能(Provide recommender features)
  •  支持定制/个性化(Support customization/personalization)
  •  对失败或可疑的检索提示其它选择(Offer alternative actions for failed or suspect searches)
  •  对较大的检索结果集提供更好的导航(Offer better navigation of large sets of search results)
  •  传送书目服务到用户所在(Deliver bibliographic services where the users are)
  •  提供相关排序并支持全文(Provide relevance ranking and leverage full-text)
  •  对非罗马资料提供更好的检索(Provide better searching for non- roman materials)

2、重构OPAC (Rearchitecting the OPAC)

  •  加州大学各分校创建单一目录界面(Create a single catalog interface for all of UC)[针对加州大学多分校的现状]
  •  支持跨整个书目信息空间的检索(Support searching across the entire biblio. info. space)

3、采用新编目实践(Adopting New Cataloging Practices)

  •  重构编目流程(Rearchitect cataloging workflow)
  •  选择适当的元数据(Select the appropriate metadata scheme)
  •  手工强化重要领域的元数据(Manually enrich metadata in important areas)
  •  自动创建元数据(Automate metadata creation)

4、支持持续改进(Supporting Continuous Improvement)
[Web 2.0的特征――永远的β版]

    特别有意思的是由建议而形成的计划说明书(Scenarios),分为谨慎的计划(Modest Scenario)、适度的计划(Moderate Scenario)和激进的计划(Radical Scenario)三个层次。
    除实现建议部分提出的功能外,按照激进的计划,将开放所有馆藏给搜索引擎;使用RFID指引用户到馆藏所在位置;以OCLC为自己的书目库,仅为流通及财产册而导入书目记录到本地系统。
    编目方面,外包大部分MARC编制工作,本地编目员致力于创建专门元数据。元数据方面,支持包括MARC、DC、VRA等在内的多元数据体系;增加或改变元数据以改进相关记录的FRBR分组,改进检索结果的分面浏览。规范控制方面,弱化论题主题,强化名称、统一题名、日期与地点。

    附录中含有丰富的信息,尤其是以下三部分,如果花些时间一一认真钻研,既使对Web 2.0/Library 2.0一无所知,也可一跃而成半个专家:

E: Examples to Learn From(几十个应用,是本报告的思想来源)
F: Additional Ideas Considered(61个未写入报告正文的想法)
G: Bibliography(22页长的书目,有摘要、有链接)

 

报告文本:

  • 全文:Rethinking How We Provide Bibliographic Services for the University of California (396 KB PDF)
  • 概要:Executive summary (112 KB PDF)

blogger点评:

 

FRBR 2.0?

    从Web 2.0到Library 2.0,现在FRBR也要2.0 ?
    FRBR从1997年得到批准,到明年就是十年了。一些相关研究发现该模型在实施中存在一些问题,FRBR博客的主人William Denton在IFLA-L邮件组中提出是否需要修订FRBR的问题:

Are there any plans, or is it expected that, FRBR will be revised?  Next fall it will be ten years (!) since the final report was made.  Since 1997 there have been implementations that have turned up difficulties with the model and as it&aposs become better known it&aposs been exposed to some good critical thought and applied in many different areas.

There are working groups on aggregates (which are hard to handle) and expressions (which cause confusion) and harmonization with CIDOC&aposs Conceptual Reference Model (which I think will lead to an object-oriented FRBR).  Functional Requirements for Authority Records was out for comment and that group is thinking about them now, and Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records is underway.  AACR is being turned into the FRBRish Resource Description and Access.

That&aposs a lot of work going on.  When these groups have finished their work, will everything be brought together, all the problems resolved or at least clarified with suggested solutions, and something like FRBR 2.0 issued?  The minutes of the August Review Group&aposs meeting in Oslo say, “Given the importance of the topics to be addressed, the newly formed WG on Aggregates will presumably prove to be a major element in the RG]&aposs policy for the two years to come.”  What&aposll happen after that?  I&aposm curious.

 

相关信息:

国际博物馆理事会文献委员会的概念参考模型:CIDOC&aposs Conceptual Reference Model
该模型的各种版本,最新为4.2版:Official Release of the CIDOC CRM
网站中还有一个内部的维基论坛:WIKI Forum
该模型未来将成为ISO标准:
ISO/DIS 21127信息与文献――用于文化遗产信息交换的参考本体(Information and documentation — A reference ontology for the interchange of cultural heritage information

 

编目员幽默

    2005年元旦,写了一篇“图书馆的墨菲法则”。又是一年,再搬一些有关编目员的幽默,不知道是不是编目员的自嘲。IFLA网站的Library Humour页面如是说:if we can’t laugh at ourselves, who can?

一、Reveyrand的图书馆法则(REVEYRAND&aposS LIBRARY LAWS

    这是一位美国学校教师馆员眼中的墨菲法则。关于编目方面的:

为一本书重新编目以更改一个错误,结果产生了七个新问题。
When you re-catalogue a book to correct an error, you automatically create seven new problems.

最薄的图书,索书号最长
The thinnest books have the longest catalogue numbers.

二、灯炮笑话(LIGHTBULB JOKES

    最早在顾犇博士个人主页看到[原链接,2018-11-7更新链接]。下面这些是针对编目员的:

拧下一个灯泡要多少编目员?只要一个,但他必须先看看国会图书馆是怎么做的。
How many catalogers does it take to screw in a light bulb?
Just one, but they have to wait to see how LC does it first.

换个电灯泡要多少编目员?如果在英美编目条例中有规定的话,只要一个。
How many cataloguers does it take to change a lightbulb?
Only one provided it is in AACR2.

三、谢拉的二个编目法则(Shera&aposs Two Laws of Cataloguing

    Jesse SHERA发表于1977年(University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library Science. Occasional Paper#131, Dec. 1977)

法则1:没有编目员会认可任何其他编目员的工作。
Law #1 No cataloger will accept the work of any other cataloger.

法则2:没有编目员会认可自己六个月前的工作。
Law #2 No cataloger will accept his/her own work six months after the cataloging.

四、编目员复仇(Cataloger&aposs Revenge) 

    编目当然有烦的时候,怎么办?拿杜威出气!点击这里的杜威照片的任意部分,然后拖动鼠标,杜威的脸就变得不成样子了。解气吗?
可惜我们不用DDC,换谁出气比较好?不要跟我说馆长,我可没吃豹子胆。

另:

  • 在杜威像边上,还有更多的图书馆幽默链接。
  • 在杜威像下面,还有几个游戏。虽说看上去太老土了,但毕竟是与本专业相关的游戏,难得一见。趁过节,玩玩吧。